Land and soil pollution.

                            Land and soil pollution.

Soil like climate is also a natural resource, which provides food and living, deviation and action to the animals. Land contributes to organizing water cycle, nitrogen cycle, energy cycle, etc. in addition to human activities. Where there is a question of human activities up to the soil, the land is the basis of all economic activities, from farming to throwing waste.

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As is well known that food is produced from the earth itself, which is a basic requirement of human beings. Therefore, its purity and purity are very important. There are mainly two types of land. Fertile land and barren land.

At present, man is polluting this natural resource with his activities, which is affecting the fertilizer potential of the soil.

Land and soil pollution.

The main sources of soil pollution

1-Solid Waste

Household waste, iron waste, waste of industrial units etc. pollute the land. The residues of toxic inorganic and organic chemicals are found in these wastes, which are harmful. In these residues, radio-radiation elements such as strontium, cadmium, uranium, lad, etc. are found which affect the vitality and fertility of the land. Fly ash is the main source of pollution around the industrial area. Many wastes, which do not have biological degradation, such as polythene bags, plastics etc., remain blocked in the soil for a long time and affect the physical structure.

Agricultural Chemicals -

In commercial agriculture, petrochemicals like weed pesticides etc. are being used wildly as well as inorganic chemical fertilizers are increasing day by day. Phosphates, nitrogen and other organic chemicals in chemical fertilizers are polluting the environmental and underground water resources of the land. The most hazardous pollutants are biomass chemicals that are destroying the microbes of climate and other soils, resulting in soil quality decline. Toxic chemicals are introduced into the diet chain so that they reach the top consumer. Bioactive chemicals are also called creeping deaths. The use of biochemicals has increased more than 11 times in the last 30 years. In India alone, about 100,000 tonnes of biochemistry is being used every year.

ALSO READ - ESSAY ON ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION.

In a study conducted in Uttarakhand in January 2011, it has been revealed that wheat and rice crops are proving to be disruptive to soil health. Urea fertilizer consumption has increased by two and a half times a year. In the first farms in the state where on average four bags of urea was used, about 10 bags are being used. In balanced use, the ratio of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium should be 4: 2: 1. This is not happening here in the guise of maintaining productivity. The use of potash and phosphorus is decreasing and the use of urea is increasing. According to agricultural scientists, this is due to damage to the top soil. In the mountainous districts the erosion of the upper surface of the soil is increasing rapidly. This is also the biggest loss of excessive rainfall. Farmers are obliged to increase the use of urea in the field of productivity preservation in the plains districts. With the increasing use of urea, the health of the soil is getting worse. The use of unbalanced fertilizer makes the crop diseased and it increases the use of pesticides. Pesticides harm human health.

According to a report by the World Food and Agriculture Organization (F.A.O.), the use of pesticides has increased 11 times in the last 30 years. About 10,000 people are dying every year due to pesticide poisoning. According to the World Health Organization, about 5 million people suffer from the poisoning of biochemicals every year. Indian babies are 8 times more DDT than German American and British children during breastfeeding. Are swallowing which causes diseases of the liver or kidneys etc. In 1991, the Supreme Court banned the production and sale of Endosulfan and its use. Kerala has had wide-ranging side effects. The Supreme Court has said that the right to life under Article 21 of the Constitution is the most important of all human rights. Here is a picture of a child affected by endosulfan in Kerala.

Physical sources of soil pollution -

Soil corrosion causes a drastic reduction in soil quality, and the main reasons are as follows.

1- Precipitation and intensity of rainfall 2- Temperature and wind 3- Biological factors 4- Soil mining

Impact -

The main effects of soil pollution are as follows:

1- Soil quality reduces degradation and fertility, which leads to reduction in agricultural production and increase in food crisis.

2- Soil erosion turns soil into wasteland.

3- Due to chemical fertilizers and biochemicals, imbalances occur in the entire ecosystem and cause toxicity to death.

Humanitarian activities have led to a serious problem of Soil Erosion and soil pollution. The Forest Ministry of the Government of India estimates that about 57 per cent of the total land of India has been eroded in some way. According to one estimate, about 47 per cent of the total area of   India is cultivated on land, of which about 56-57 per cent of the area has been reduced. Similarly, 55 percent of the total forest area is less than 40 percent of the shade area of   the trees. By the year 2000, 20 per cent of India, in which 6.5 million people live, is affected by the disease. Thus the figures clearly demonstrate the magnitude of the situation.

4- Control of Soil Pollution - (Control of Soil Pollution)

Given the effects of soil pollution, control over it is extremely important. Soil is the wealth of the farmers, the loss of its properties affects not only the farmers but also the economy of the country, human health, animals, flora and so on. The existence of the animal world and the plant world is based on soil.

Measures to control soil pollution

1- Integrated Pest Management should be adopted by limiting the use of life-threatening chemicals.

2- The basic properties of soil from Integrated Plant Nutrient Management will remain in place for a long time in place of chemical fertilizers.

3- Chemical soil reformers such as gypsum and pyrite should be used as suggested by scientists for the improvement of salinity-rich soil.

4- Arrangement of drainage is very essential for eliminating water congestion in agricultural fields.

5- Soil conservation systems should be adopted to protect soil erosion and its nutrients by banning forest erosion.

6- The problem of land erosion can be reduced by banning zooming agriculture.

7- Planning and implementation of schemes is essential to protect the land destroyed by floods.

8- Focusing on land use and crop management is extremely important.

Soil Management - Soil Management is a complex system of organic and mineral elements that is formed in the long run as a result of the interaction of climate and biological factors. Through the continuous use of agricultural land, the use of pesticides, deforestation, erosion etc. the basic properties of the soil are destroyed. As a result, there is no mineral circulation. Soil and construction occurs after the decomposition and decomposition of rocks and organic matter, contributing to the nature and structure of the climatic vegetation rocks. As a result of climate and human activities, erosion of the soil causes the elements to flow with water. The land becomes fertile. The entire area becomes barren and unfit for agriculture.

Soil is precious, its erosion affects the organisms of flora and fauna. Soil erosion is controlled by Crop Scientific Methods and Mechanical Methods. Soil management can be done by the following major methods.

1- Vegetative Cover and Protective Afforestation

Due to the intensive vegetation cover, water droplets do not reach the surface directly. As a result, soil organization remains strong and secure. Water flow is slow and soil erosion is low. It is important to increase the vegetation cover in a planned way.

2- Contouring Ploughing

Water flow on the slopes is intense and consequently the erosion is high. According to the contour lines, water flow is controlled by plowing. As a result, soil erosion is reduced.